Hey i was looking up supplements and a lot of them said things like "optimizes hormone levels" or something similar and a lot of the ingredients are used to trigger hormones. What does this exactly mean? what happens when your hormones level rise from using a supplement? are there negative effects?

I doubt that the legal supplements can really boost hormone levels.
The idea is to boost testosterone. The more testosterone you have, the more muscle you will pack, simple as that. Some supps claims to boost it, however I'm not so sure about it. Tribulus and ZMA I think claim to boost testosterone...
By triggering hormones they mean the substance in the supplement suposedly will induce your body into creating more testosterone.
In order to seriously boost testosterone people use steroids but you can have some serious side-effects if you do that.

A lot of suppliments claim to boost different hormones but don't really do it.

There are things you can do with your diet to optimize for example test levels though, so I guess if you don't have that, then supplimenting it could work.