Motor skill development (or lack of) combined with immature connective tissue are the primary structural reasons teenagers do not engage in high load resistance training. Hypertrophy-based stimulus is also a key factor in training younger athletes (so as to increase muscle cross-section and therefore potential strength/power) - which is another reason that high load training is considered less than productive.
In terms of stunted growth, this has proven to be a myth more than anything else (although many people THINK the reality applies).
GRF in running and jumping are proportionately higher than with resistance training, and yet no one prevents younger athletes from doing these activities. In fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics actually supports resistance training for PRE-adolescent athletes (provided appropriate guidelines are followed). Muscle pull (which is occurs when contracting muscles 'tug' on their boney insertions) actually serves to increase osteoblastic acitvity and adds bone strength.
The key to resistance training for younger athletes is low/moderate load, moderate/high intensity, with a STRICT approach to form and execution of EACH rep.
I wrote an article on this exact subject recently. I will post it later on today or tomorrow.
Thanks!
- Brian
www.BrianGrasso.com